雅思写作的衔接手段作用

导语 雅思写作中,Cohesive Device(衔接手段)是能使信息的逻辑关系更清晰的各种英语字符。逻辑关系主要涉及:并列或递进关系、让步或转折关系、因果关系和举列。

  在官方公布的写作评分描述中有一项Coherence and Cohesion 。这一项是涉及要点最多,却最为广大教学工作者和学生所忽视的一项。该项目涉及三大要点:文章信息点安排(information and ideas organization)、衔接手段(cohesive device)和分段(paragraphing).其中分段在大作文的5分至7分的评分描述中被重点强调。

  本文将重点关注该项目中所提到的Cohesive Device:(衔接手段)。

  Coherence and Cohesion 的7分第二条原文:

  Uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some uner-/over-use

  6分第二条原文为:

  Uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical;

  6分第三条提到:

  May not always use referencing clearly or appropriately

  与之对应的5分第二条为:

  Makes inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices

  5 分第三条为:

  May be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution

  由以上所涉及到的原文可以看出,referencing(指代关系)和substitution(替代)都是cohesive device(衔接手段)的表现,而且是确定分值的重要参考标准。

  那么这里反复提到的Cohesive Device(衔接手段)究竟是什么呢?

  Cohesive Device:(衔接手段)定义:

  能使信息的逻辑关系更清晰的各种英语字符。

  逻辑关系主要涉及:并列或递进关系、让步或转折关系、因果关系和举列。

  具体来看,可分成以下三类:

  Lexical aspect:(词汇方面)

  Linking word(连词):

  并列或递进关系:and; also; too; or; Besides; furthermore; moreover; likewise; meanwhile等

  让步或转折关系:but; however; whereas; nonetheless; nevertheless; although; though; otherwise; yet; rather; despite; rather等

  因果关系:because; so; since; for; so; thus; therefore; thereby;

  举例:like

  Linking phrase(短语):

  并列或递进关系:not only…but also; as well as; either…or; in addition; apart from that; beyond that

  让步或转折关系: even though; in spite of; on the other hand; on the contrary; in contrast; instead of, It is true that…;

  因果关系: now that; in that; due to; owing to; as a result (of); in that case

  举例:for example; for instance; in particular; such as; just as

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